![]() This collection of essays seeks to recapture the perspective on women’s prison experience from a range of viewpoints. ![]() Due to the consistent small populations and relative neglect the women often faced, their experiences in prison have been understudied. Various attempts to reform them, ranging from moral instruction and education to domestic training, faced opposition at times from state officials, prison employees, and even male prison reformers. Early on, they were often held in prisons alongside men and faced neglect, exploitation, and poor living conditions. ![]() Historically, women incarcerated in prison, jails, and reformatories accounted for a small number of inmates across the United States. The story of the rise of prisons and development of prison systems in the United States has been studied extensively in scholarship, but the experiences of female inmates in these institutions have not received the same attention. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The six walking scenarios were compared using a form of high dimensional correlated component regression (CCR) on difference data, capturing the change between one setting and another. We report on the outputs for these responses derived from the Emotiv Affectiv Suite software, which creates emotional parameters (‘excitement’, ‘frustration’, ‘engagement’ and ‘meditation’) with a real-time value assigned to them. Each walk lasted around 15 min and was undertaken at the pace of the participant. Participants were recruited to walk one of six scenarios pairing urban busy (a commercial street with traffic), urban quiet (a residential street) and urban green (a public park) spaces in a counterbalanced design, wearing a mobile Emotiv EEG headset to record real-time neural responses to place. The current study extends this methodology to explore previously unstudied outcomes in older people aged 65 years or more ( n = 95). ![]() The study builds on previous research that shows changes in cortical activity while moving through different urban settings. This research directly assesses older people’s neural activation in response to a changing urban environment while walking, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). ![]() |
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